Zora Neale Hurstons Development of Relationship Themes in...

Zora Neale Hurston’s theme is relationships because throughout the novel, Their Eyes Are Watching God, Janie goes through poor relationships until she finds her true love and Hurstons literary and stylistic elements in her writing helps develop this theme. In the beginning, a young Janie dreams to have a marriage like the bees and the blossoms, â€Å"She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree from root to tiniest branch creaming in every blossom and frothing with delight†(11). She hopes to find a man that complements and completes her. She wants to experiences the ups and downs in life. Her first relationship is with Logan, an old man she reluctantly married because of her grandma’s last wishes. Even though he pampers her and showers her praises, she lives a sad and lonely life. She doesn’t love him, even though she tries, â€Å"...You told me Ah mus gointer love him, and, and Ah don’t. Maybe if somebody was to tell me how, Ah could do it†(23). So, the first chance she gets, she runs off with Jody, the second man she marries. This shows that Janie’s and Logan’s relationship was not what she wanted. With Joe Starks, Janie hopes for a better life and relationship, and at first she was happy. New things begin to happen. Change. But soon Jody gets elected as mayor and settles down in the town. Eventually, the relationship starts fraying at the edges, and one day, JanieShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1571 Words   |  7 PagesZora Neale Hurston and her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God During the Harlem Renaissance, African Americans experience a cultural exposure in literature art. It was a period of great achievement in African-American art and literature during the 1920s and 1930s. This surge gave birth to several authors, playwrights and dramatists, such as Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Neale Hurston is now considered among the foremost authors of that period, having published four novels, three nonfiction works, andRead More Contrasting Native Son and Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay4128 Words   |  17 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper examines the drastic differences in literary themes and styles of Richard Wright and Zora Neale Hurston, two African--American writers from the early 1900s. The portrayals of African-American women by each author are contrasted based on specific examples from their two most prominent novels, Native Son by Wright, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Hurston. With the intent to explain this divergence, the autobiog raphies of both authors (Black Boy and Dust Tracks on a Road) areRead More Essay on Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Charater of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie Crawford is the heroine. She helps women to deal with their own problems by dealing with hers. She deals with personal relationships as well as searches for self-awareness. Janie Crawford is more than a heroine, however, she is a woman who has overcome the restrictions placed on her by the oppressive forces and people in her life.    As a young woman, Janie had noRead MoreThe Story of a Black Woman Trying to Find her Inner Voice in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God 645 Words   |  3 Pages Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God is a story about a black woman who tried to find her inner voice and the true self through three marriages. Her name is Jane Crawford. From age 16 to age 40, she spent days out to look for the perfect love that like the way she described a bee pollinating pear tree blossoms. She experiences no love rather than hard work during her first marriage with Logan; she finds the conflicts between power and conquest when she was married with Jody; sheRead MoreOprah Winfrey And The Half Made Movie1490 Words   |  6 Pagesadaptation of Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey fails to produce a film that remains authentic to the original work. Janie’s character converts into one that seems entirely different, and her relationships exhibit alte rations. Oprah’s fabricated love story completely shadows Zora Neale Hurston’s original theme, as well as her literary devices. The film parades falsified information, which degrades the original content of the novel. In the film version of Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah shiftsRead MoreAnalysis of Relationships in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay2186 Words   |  9 PagesZora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God tells the story of Janie’s journey towards spiritual enlightenment and her development of individuality, largely through Janie’s relationships with others. Hurston uses the themes of power, control, abuse, and respect, in Janie’s relationships with Nanny, Killicks, Starks, and Tea Cake, to effectively illustrate how relationships impact identity and self-growth.   It is Janie’s relationship with Nanny that first suppresses her self-growthRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1136 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Janie’s Marriages and Gender’s Role in Their Eyes Were Watching God Over the course of the novel, Janie is married three times to three drastically different people. First is Logan Killicks, whom she has no choice but to marry; soon Janie discovers that she could never have loved Logan because he treats her as less than him. She leaves Logan for Joe â€Å"Jody† Starks because initially, she believes that she loves him. However, after he gains power in their community and his true opinionRead MoreComparing Zora Neale Hurston And Jacob Lawrence1809 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Zora Neale Hurston and Jacob Lawrence The Harlem Renaissance was a period most notably known for music and art regarding racial divides. Stemming from this broad observation, though, is a series of ideas, motifs, and influences that would construct the central theme of the era, making the period iconic for the development of African American culture. As this time was one of communication and collaboration, these themes readily overlapped between works. Zora Neale Hurston, in herRead More The Portrayal of Women in American Literature Essay2134 Words   |  9 Pagesa victim in the 1920’s, Zora Neale Hurston portrays hers as a strong, free-spirited, and independent woman only a decade later in the 1930’s. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds, The Great Gatsby, the main female character, Daisy Buchanan, is portrayed by, Nick, the narrator, only by her superficial qualities. â€Å"Guided only by Nick’s limited view of her, readers often judge Daisy solely on the basis of her superficial qualities† (Fryer 43). What the reader sees through the eyes of Nick only appears asRead MoreAnalysis Of Zora Neale Hurston s Their Eyes Were Watching God1429 Words   |  6 Pagesembedded within the basis of society is reflected in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston’s Reconstruction era tale centers on Janie, a character who attempts to find her own identity in a social structure that seeks to find it for her. The sexism underscores the struggles Janie must face in order to grow and prosper as she continues on her journey towards maturity. This demeaning social force helps the author develop the theme that the restriction of freedom affects the ability

The Causes And Trends Of Crime - 969 Words

Introduction Crime is a very prominent issue. Most of us know someone who has been a victim of a crime, has committed a crime or have committed a crime ourselves. News outlets are filled with crime stories. Television shows depict criminals and the agencies trying to bring criminals to justice. Being such a dominant part of life, it is essential that we take a deeper look into the causes and trends of crime. Discussion of Theory I believe there are many different motivating factors as to why people commit crimes. There are a few theories that I learned in criminology that coincide with my own personal beliefs. I believe components from â€Å"strain theory†, â€Å"differential association theory†, and â€Å"labeling theory† have valid points. â€Å"Strain theory†, points out that the social situation one is presented with dictates and molds the potential criminal they could become. I agree. For example, I think some people are inclined to commit crimes of stealing, due to limited funds. In many poverty-ridden areas, thieves are just trying to survive. Additionally, where there is poverty there is a lack of education. This leads to poor paying jobs, which also leads to the commission of crime for survival. It reveals a humanizing reason for these offenses. With â€Å"differential association†, I think many people are taught and often pressured by others as to how to be soc ially deviant. For example, many people who are involved in drug and alcohol related crimes socialize with people who alsoShow MoreRelatedTeen Delinquency : Is It A Conscious Choice? Teens And Crime?1165 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract What motivates teens to be delinquent? Is it a conscious choice? Teens and crime seem to be an unpredictable and ongoing problem. Teen crime rates rise and fall, but what is the cause of the increases and decreases in the rates? Experts are constantly doing studies and experiments to find patterns that hopefully explain it. If teen delinquency can be explained, then maybe it can be reduced through programs and other resources aimed at helping troubled teens and youth. Even withRead MoreThe Future of Policing1461 Words   |  6 Pagesfaced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. Even though new trends improve policing overall, they can also cause more serious issues. It is crucial to continue making changes topolicing because it allows law enforcement officers to keep up with the rest of society, including the knowledge of new crime trends. This paper will describe the current trends and issues in policing and analyze possibleRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Official Crime Statistics And Unofficial Measures Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesclaim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, hig hlighting that both methods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the notion of crime is contested. Official crime statistics follow a positivist approach, assuming that crime is a staticRead MoreIndustrial Revolution and the Crime Conundrum Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial Revolution and the Crime Conundrum The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change; all through out the world people were flocking in hundreds upon thousands out of the villages and into the city. In Britain the population shot up from â€Å"10 million in 1750 to 42 million in 1900† (Crime and Punishment, par 1). Life in these cities was not only new, but also down right difficult to adjust to, people lived in overcrowded housing, disease was everywhere, and working conditions wereRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System1561 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Over the past 30 years, crime has become a major issue of public concern, of political discussion and action, often intemperate and not likely to reduce crime, and of major public expenditure. Despite its salience in public arena, very little is known about the factors driving the crime trend, and the knowledge base is too limited to support intelligent forecasts of the direction in which crime rates are moving, especially when changing direction. DevelopingRead MoreAnalyzing The Crime Patterns Generated By The First Layer And Create A Trend Analysis967 Words   |  4 PagesTrend analysis can be executed in layers to transform crime data. The first layer incorporated identification of incidents and crime events that require further investigation. Analyze the crime patterns generated by the first layer and create a trend analysis. MVPD will use this analysis and share the information throughout the department. MVPD will implement a policy to combat the crime or public disorder identi fied in the first layer. The next layer will educate the community to detail the department’sRead MoreWhat Are The Factors Which Makes A Child Criminal?1298 Words   |  6 Pagescan include crime. The topical question that I want to explore is, â€Å"What are the factors which makes a child criminal?† Article 1 Violence, Crime, and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth The importance of this article is the fact that it proved, when children are exposed to violence, crime and abuse as it affects their development and the policymakers need to pay special attention to this situation. The objectives of the study are to provide estimates and trends where childrenRead MoreWhat Is The Difference Between The Same States And The United States1042 Words   |  5 PagesCross-National Study of Crime Between the Nordic states and the United States Many similarities can be drawn between the way in which the United States and the Nordic countries set up their criminal justice systems and governments. Each has a democratic constitution with governmental power divided among the three branches seen in the United States. Coalition governments are standard, as each sees multiparty political systems. Nationally organized institutions govern the justice system in the UnitesRead MoreThe Crime Of Uniform Crime1427 Words   |  6 Pages Uniform Crime Report for 2014 states that there are four offenses in the Violent Crime category, they include Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery and Aggravated Assault. They only collect their data from Law Enforcement Agencies from their arrest reports. According to The Uniform Crime Report, Property Crime includes these four offenses, Burglary, Larceny/ Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson. The Uniform Crime Report reported that there were 402,470 violent crime arrests in 2014 compared to 1,275,315Read MoreTrends In Ala Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesallowing them to be more involved and have direct interaction with the citizens. Numerous trends and challenges have emerged in the recent years in Alberta, which continue to affect the way the police deal with the issues. In 2010, Frank Oberle, the Solicitor General, set out framework to guide police officers and other criminal justice agencies in order to overcome and deal with the recent emerging trends. Trends Overview The recent downfall in oil prices had a significant impact on Alberta’s economy

Amino Acid Chromatography Free Essays

In this experiment paper chromatography was used in order to identify two unknown amino acids using eight known amino ones. The two unknown ones were identified by comparing the distance they travelled up the chromatography paper and their Rf values to the corresponding values of the other eight known amino acids. The unknown amino acids identified were Glycine and Methionine. We will write a custom essay sample on Amino Acid Chromatography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Proteins in cells are important in many ways. There are different types of proteins such as contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins and transport proteins. They are vital to regular cell functioning. Proteins are made up of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds. When fewer than 50 amino acids are joined together, a polypeptide is formed. All proteins have two groups in common. They have a carboxylic group and an amino group. There are 20 types of amino acids that bond together in different combinations to perform different functions. The primary structure of proteins is the order and number of amino acids. Secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures are formed from chains of peptides that are folded into sheets, ribbons and coils so that they form a 3D shape and are more stable. Different weights of amino acid make them differ in polarity. This characteristic enables the separation of proteins by polarity using chromatography. Paper chromatography is an example of a chromatography technique called absorption chromatography. The paper is the adsorbent, which will bind the components of the mixture. The substance will be â€Å"spotted† onto the chromatography paper and put into a beaker filled with solvent. The solvent will then flow through the paper. The solvent chosen depends highly on its polarity as this will be the characteristic that will separate the different substances. Petroleum, ether, hexanes, cyclohexanes and toluene are some examples of solvents with different polarities as well as increasing polarities. In some cases, mixtures of solvents are made to reach a certain polarity. If substances that are needed to be separated are polar, then the solvent must be slightly less polar. Non-polar substances need a polar solvent to be separated. The solvent travels faster than the samples. The Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by the sample and the distance travelled by the sample. Rf = distance travelled by amino acid sample from the origin in mm distance travelled by the solvent from the origin in mm Factors affecting how far the amino acids travel depend on how high the solvent is allowed to rise on the paper, the type of absorbent, the type of concentration of the solvent, temperature and the distance of the origin from the solvent. One type of test to detect proteins is the Ninhydrin test. This test makes the amino acids spots visible. Ninhydrin is a pale yellow solid and it reacts with the amino group in the amino acids and proteins and produces a purple product. Heat must be used in order to speed up the reaction. Objective The objective of this experiment was to spot various amino acids and an unknown mixture on chromatography paper and run it with a chromatography solvent. The lab period following included treating the samples with Ninhydrin solution and heating it so that the amino acids could be visible. The distance of the samples were then measured in mm from the origin. The measurements were then used to calculate the Rf values for each sample and thus the unknown sample could be identified. Materials Alanine, 1% Solution Arginine, 1% Solution Asparagine, 1% Solution Aspartic acid, 1% Solution Glycine, 1% Solution Lysine, 1% Solution Methionine, 1% Solution Tyrosine, 1% Solution Unknown, 1% Solution Chromatography Solvent, 20mL Ninhydrin solution, 2%, 10mL Beaker, 600mL Chromatography paper, 20X10 cm Graduated Cylinder, 25-mL Heat source, drying over or hot plate Microtip pipets, 9 Pencil Ruler Spray bottle Stapler Watch glass or aluminum foil Procedure 1. On a 20cm wide by 10 cm high piece of chromatography paper, a pencil was used to draw a straight line (about 1 cm) from the bottom of the paper from the left to the right side 2. Nine pencil dots were placed 2cm apart on the line 3. The name of each amino acid was written under each dot in pencil. 20 mL of chromatography solvent was then added to the 600-mL beaker 4. A micropipette was used to obtain a small amount of the first amino acid 5. The tip of the pipette was placed above the chromatography paper directly above the pencil dot and a spot of the amino acid was dropped on the dot 6. Steps 4 and 5 were repeated for the eight amino acid solutions 7. With the sample side facing outwards the chromatography paper was turned into a cylinder and the top and bottom edges of the paper were stapled. . The paper cylinder was then placed into a beaker with the chromatography solvent. 9. The beaker was then covered with a watch glass 10. The samples were then allowed to run till the solvent level was about 1 cm from the top of the paper. 11. The chromatography paper was then removed from the beaker. The solvent height was then marked with a pencil line and the staples were removed 12. The chromatography paper was then left to dry During the following lab 13. The chromatography paper was sprayed with a spray bottle containing 10mL of 2 % Ninhydrin solution 14. The chromatography paper was left to dry for 10-20 minutes 15. The paper was then put in a drying oven or held 10 cm above a hot plate to heat so that the color could develop 16. A dot was placed with a pencil at the centermost point of each amino acid 17. The distance in mm of the solvent traveled from the pencil line till the where the solved stopped traveling was measured. 18. The distance in mm from the origin till where each amino acid traveled was measured 19. The Rf value for each amino acid was calculated Results Table 1: Distance and Rf values of the amino acids and unknowns Amino Distance(mm)452427223015574235/60 Rf Value0. 50. 270. 30. 240. 330. 170. 630. 470. 39/0. 67 The distance traveled by the solvent from the pencil line drawn was 90mm. The unknown samples were found to be Glycine and Methionine by comparing their Rf and distances values to those amino acids with Rf and distance values that were calculated. Discussion Paper Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of compounds into its components. Pens and markers are not used as their ink will be separated too. Instead, pencils are utilized as they are made from graphite which does not separate. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without any help from external forces. This flow is against gravity as well. This happens because of the intermolecular attractive forces between the liquid and the solid surrounding surfaces. Surface tension and adhesive forces between the liquid and solid also help the liquid rise through the solid. The Rf value is defined as the ratio of the distance travelled by the amino acid sample from the origin to the distance travelled by the solvent. The ratios, therefore, stay the same regardless of the solvent used. Ninhydrin is used in paper chromatography to identify amino acids. Ninhydrin solution turns the amino acid fingerprints to the color purple, therefore making them visible. For this reason we take care when touching the chromatography paper. The least polar amino acid was alanine as the distance it moved up the paper was the least. How to cite Amino Acid Chromatography, Papers

Satoshi Kon’s Critique on Society’s free essay sample

Desire for Escapism in Paranoia Agent Candidate No: Word Count: 3964 Abstract Satoshi Kon is an important figure in Japanese cinema. In many of his works, he analyzes the concept of society’s desire for escapism due to stress and anxiety which addresses the question of this essay—what is Kon’s perspective upon the nature of escapism and its impact upon society? This essay will examine a television series he directed called Paranoia Agent in order to explore Kon’s theme of escapism and its impact on society. Mainly episodes 1-5 and 9-13 will be covered in the essay. Sources ranging from interviews with Kon, reviews and news articles were researched to better understand Kon’s style of animation, thus understand Kon’s messages in Paranoia Agent. Through consulting these sources, we fully appreciate Kon’s techniques of framed narrative structuring, detailed and realistic art styles, diverse animation styles, sound effects and so forth which emphasize Kon’s critical portrayal of society’s escapism. We will write a custom essay sample on Satoshi Kon’s Critique on Society’s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through examining characters and their interactions with one another, we understand the fearsome influence of escapism on society. Characters succumb to the temporary relief of escapism, represented by the character Shonen Bat. As we examine character motivations and actions, the absurdity of escapism is established. Kon depicts society as vulnerable, desperate to avoid reality, thus suffers the consequences which include lost of identity, hallucinations or even death. Through escapism, the fragility of human nature is revealed. However, through development of certain characters, society redeems itself in the show. In the end, we realize that we can relate to these characters and the desire for escapism is inevitable as Kon admits. We conclude that escapism is necessary in order to preserve our sanity in this stress-driven society; however we must ensure that we still hold the courage to face reality to avoid slipping too deeply into the world of escapism and consequently, lose our sanity. Word Count: 299 Table of Contents Title Page1 Abstract2 Introduction4 An Overview of Kon’s Art Style4-5 Plot Summary of Paranoia Agent5-6 The Beginning of Escapism—Stress from Society6-7 The Growing Influence of Escapism7-10 The Indirect Influence of Escapism10 A Symbolic Representation on the Theme of Escapism 11 Truth of Escapism Revealed11-12 Escapism at Its Utmost Absurdity12-13 Solution to Escapism13 Conclusion13-14 Biblography15 Introduction Satoshi Kon is a director of Japanese animated films and TV series. In many of his works, he provides commentary on society, seen in television series Paranoia Agent. Paranoia Agent is a story of a hit-and-run assailant whose attacks strangely seem to bring relief to his victims rather than suffering. He places emphasis upon the portrayal of the human psyche as a fragile target of an assortment of societal flaws. Humans develop a natural instinct to avoid confronting reality to conjure a proper resolution to their problems whether it is pressure from work, bullying or family; instead they refuge in their own internal world. The act of retreating to an illusionary world comes in the form of escapism, becoming unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy due to their intensive anxiety and stress. This idea is developed through the characters of Paranoia Agent whom which the audience is able to empathize with. The internal world of characters appears to materialize into the real world as a result of their delusions. Kon expands upon the fearsomeness of the internal world by proposing that these illusions can â€Å"possess† others or provide a catalyst to the delusions of others. Through Paranoia Agent, we ask: â€Å"What is the nature of escapism and its impact upon society? Therefore, through this theme of escapism from society’s demons, Kon explores humanity’s weak nature with great realism and fictional elements as powerful metaphors. An Overview of Kon’s Art Style Kon uses a realistic animation style to engage his audience. He rejects the conventional doe-eyed, abnormally haired character designs of anime. Many characters appear unattractive: â€Å"Unlike with most anime titles, the artists arent shy about using unattractive and unappealing designs even for protagonist roles† (Theron) and â€Å"drawn with such attention to detail †¦ its a rejection of animes traditional subject matter and a celebration of everything that people watch anime to escape†¦ humdrum reality. (Hendrix) This serves to both reflect society’s own cast of characters (being not all beautiful) and reflect the ugliness of human nature. He also includes realistic background scenery depicting common everyday occurrences which he emphasizes in his interviews: â€Å"Even in different worlds, solid everyday lives must exist. †(Hendrix). Kon describes how he makes careful observations of everyday scenes and cond enses them so that they are precise in conveying certain elements in his animation: â€Å"Observing what is around us in real life and animating them as you say makes me observe them in even more depth. Recreating them as drawings/anime is totally different from cutting out the scene as a photograph†¦You reduce the amount of unnecessary information and gather what is necessary on one screen. †(Hendrix) Kon’s portrayal of society is articulate so that it effectively represents reality yet is concise enough that viewers do not become distracted by other unrelated factors occurring in the scene. This animation style allows the audience to become engulfed in the plotline, creating the effect of magic realism—supernatural events occurring in reality. Realism draws in his audience and subtly weaves the fantasy world with the â€Å"reality† of the characters and in turn the viewer. Richard Pena, the Film Society program director of the Film Society of Lincoln Centre, commented that Kon’s films â€Å"develop a contextual fluidity that allows people†¦to inhabit several different planes of meaning at the same time. The visual style is deceptively simple; its only over the course of a film that its depths, layers and traps are revealed. † (Pena). Kon’s animation style creates seamless transitions from reality to fantasy, thus allowing the audience to interpret his scenes as a multifaceted representation of society. A plot overview: The main plot of Paranoia Agent involves characters seeking escapism from the accumulated stress from society. The story begins with mascot designer, Tsukiko Sagi, who is responsible for creating the popular dog character ‘Maromi’ in Japan. Consequently, her fans eagerly expect her to create another equally likeable character despite her struggles to do so. However, conveniently, just as the deadline of her new creation approaches; she is attacked by a mysterious boy with a bent bat. This assault results in a chain of mysteries detectives Maniwa and Ikari are called to investigate. The mysterious assailant, known as ‘Shonen Bat’ according to the media, begins a string of seemingly random attacks. Nevertheless, as the story unravels, there is an evident connection between the victims of his attacks. They all share a common trait—the desire to escape from reality due to hardships in life. As the story progresses, there is a growing absurdity in characters’ motivations to find escapism in Shonen Bat. The growing desire to escape from reality fuels Shonen Bats’ power so greatly that he transforms into a colossal black entity which consumes all of Tokyo. Fortunately, as characters learn to accept reality, Shonen Bat disappears and order returns to society. The Beginning of Escapism—Stress from Society The theme of escapism begins with a person experiencing the hardships of society, bringing anxiety and stress. This is the source of permeability between the internal and external world of a person thus showing our weak human nature. Paranoia Agent begins with streets of Tokyo where only complaints and excuses are filtered through crowds pessimistically portraying a stress driven society. We hear complaining: â€Å"I feel really tired and all, so†¦I’ll have to pass this time. Sorry. †, a truck driver relaxing in a near-empty street telling his employer â€Å"†¦it’s a terrible gridlelock I’m sorry but I think I’ll be a bit late today. †, a businessman claiming â€Å"It wasn’t my fault†¦management told me to do that†. These excuses soon overlap one another and this sound effect creates an overwhelming sense of anxiety: â€Å"I have a really bad stomache, so I won’t be able to come in today†, â€Å"There wasn’t really anything I could do†, â€Å"It wasn’t my fault! It was his fault! †(Minakami) and so forth. Episode 1 focuses on Tsukiko, designer of the dog character â€Å"Maromi†. Her psyche weakens from expectations from her fans and superiors. It is established in the beginning that Tsukiko seeks refuge in escapism through her personification of Maromi. Her hallucinations of Maromi can be interpreted as schizophrenic episodes. When she becomes dejected by slanders on her website, her doll of Maromi comes to life and stops her from reading anymore of the cruel comments. Sound effects are used to emphasize her delusions as Maromi is even given a voice, coaxing Tsukiko â€Å"Everyone is just jealous†¦[You are] not the bad one. † (Minakami) However, Maromi’s eyes are animated pitch-black creating a sense of emptiness, reminding us of its true lifelessness. Furthermore, her withdrawal from society is shown through her preference to converse with lifeless objects rather than real people. Tsukiko decides to inflict injury upon herself in a desperate attempt to delay the deadline for her new creation. Her resulting internal conflict of guilt accrues to the creation of the illusionary character â€Å"Shonen Bat†. In her intense anxiety, she becomes so absorbed in her lie that she truly believes a boy with a bat had attacked her. Shonen Bat becomes the primary figure and catalyst in the theme of escapism from society’s oppression. His existence depicts of the weak side of humanity through his role as an anthropomorphic representation of stress. His interactions with other characters invoke the fragile part of human nature. Shonen Bat becomes a destructive force that affects others despite being born from the internal world of Tsukiko, thus emphasizing Kon’s depiction of stress from society as a force to be feared. Growing influence of Ecapism: Episode 2, 3 5 Although Shonen Bat was formed from Tsukiko’s own wish to escape from reality, Shonen Bat can affect the lives of others. A review at Anime News Network mentioned â€Å"[Paranoia Agent] manages to focus on someone new each time, but weaves such an intricate net of character relationships and psychological bridges that it never feels episodic. † (Theron). Kon uses a disjointed narrative for the story. Rather than confusing the audience, this narrative style is used to illustrate the overall sheer power of anxiety and the fragility of society. He includes many episodes featuring side characters that are indirectly related to Tsukiko—they find themselves cornered by the pressure of society and find escapism in an illusionary character. Through the media, the word of Shonen Bat’s existence spread, illustrating society’s tendency to spread chaos. Episode 2 involves a popular boy named Taira. His popularity becomes short-lived with the new student Ushiyama. His situation becomes worse as rumors spread claiming that he is in fact Shonen Bat. He becomes critical of everyone around him, especially Ushiyama despite his genuine desire to be friends. In order to reflect characters’ lost of identity and place in society due to their refusal to face reality, Kon sometimes animates the story with a minimalistic art style. One reviewer commented on this change of art style: â€Å"The overriding artistic style of the series, a sort of minimalist realism†¦frequently gives way to more distorted visuals presenting the world from [characters’] emotional viewpoint†. (Slavek) This distortion of visuals is seen in episode 2 where the frustrated Taira Yuichi descends into insanity as he blames others for his problems, he along with other characters is drawn in an amorphous state, constantly warping into deformed shapes. Voices are altered to unnatural low-pitch tones to illustrate his deteriorating mind due to escapism. This builds the idea of humans becoming so weak at the thought of facing reality; they succumb to delusions and struggle to break free from these hallucinatory worlds. In episode 3, Chouno suffers from a mental illness which is denoted through her name. ‘Chouno’, meaning butterfly (Campbell), signifies transformation—parallel to her dissociative identity disorder. As she loses significant control over her identity as well as the pressure of hiding this secret from her fiance, she calls out for Shonen Bat to â€Å"relieve† her of her problems (she desired to be attacked to delay the marriage) to which he complies. Society’s fervent embracement of Shonen Bat’s existence highlights the fragility of human nature. This collective desire to accept escapism earns disapproval from the audience. The use of music enhances the dangers of escapism which depicts the weakness of humans to face reality. As a review mentioned: â€Å"Musical scoring and sound effects are very well-done, with the director knowing exactly when to let a scene pass without accompaniment or spruce it up with appropriate – or in some cases diametrically inappropriate ditties. (Theron) When Chouno discovers that her alter-ego returns to sabotage her life, haunting calls from crows flood the audio to emphasize the sense of horror and desperation. Kon uses music to sometimes emphasize the horrifying fate that awaits those who seek escapism, but also uses â€Å"diametrically inappropriate ditties† of music in order to emphasize the underlying meaning of the scene. In the ending song where they show the cha racters sleeping, in the background there is a nursery-like tune consisting of minor chords. These conflicting elements suggest the sinister effects of escapism despite its pretty facade. We appreciate the ominous mood created through the music as commented by a reviewer: â€Å"itll be the stream of dark instrumental†¦that will sink into your subconscious. † (ANN) Lighting is another cinematic technique used to show characters being blinded by their weakness, consequently desiring escapism. Kon uses darkness as a method of blinding the perception of characters. When Chouno Harumi is attacked by Shonen Bat upon her request, he is represented as a dark shadow. Therefore, darkness blinds her from perceiving escapism’s obscure nature—self-destruction Escapism’s absurd distortion of reality is emphasized in episode 5 where detectives interrogate the fake Shonen Bat, Makoto. It is revealed that his attacks were part of his delusional role-play-gaming world. He juxtaposes his persona as the hero of his games in real life, thus attacking others in the name of ‘defeating the monsters’. The animation style changes to reflect that of a role-play-gaming world. This change in visuals creates confusion between reality and illusions to emphasize the distorted emotional perspective of the boy. Game-like music is used in the background, called â€Å"Dream Island Daytime. † (ANN) Evidently, Makoto finds escapism in his games. The idea of living in a hallucinatory world of false heroism is absurd. Makoto meets unsought ends due to his escapism—he is punished with confinement and he is later murdered by Shonen Bat. His demise illustrates potential fatality of escapism. As one review had described: â€Å"Kon wouldnt be his genres supreme self-reflexivist if he didnt insist on revealing frames within the frame† (Nelson). Kon’s noteworthy technique is imposing a narrative within a narrative. This framed structuring of plot produces confusion to reflect the character’s plummet into escapism. This technique is seen where Makoto is retells the episode in his perspective; the whole episode takes place in an RPG setting—the detectives and Makoto are transported to a fantasy world. This narrative blurs the borderline between reality and fantasy. Kon states: â€Å"My aim was to have the audience experience the protagonists internal confusion instead of the thrill or suspense on the exterior. We who were involved in the creation of this film called this feeling a sense of intoxication†¦ (Hendrix) in regards to his movie Perfect Blue. We can see Kon replicating this style in Paranoia Agent, too. The audience also experiences â€Å"intoxication† through escapism of characters. Their blurred vision of reality is Kon’s method of fully depicting the struggles of humanity as they battle their anxieties, thus illustrating the fragile and dark aspect of society. The Indirect Influence of Escapism—episode 9 Kon uses his narrative style to introduce other side-stories which in turn contribute to the general idea of society’s desperate struggle against pressure. Continuing with the idea of other characters developing Shonen Bat, the cartoon shows that while he can affect others directly (assaulting victims), Shonen Bat still influences others indirectly. Kon demonstrates it ironically in episode 9 where Shonen Bat affects others indirectly through causing hysteria in the public. Irony is created through the setting of gossiping housewives. We first obtain the illusion that they are spectators of the phenomenon. However, the episode reveals that they too are consumed by the existence of Shonen Bat through their desire to spread news of his existence to others. The ending of the episode provides a disturbing explanation of their role when the neglected housewife returns home to find her dying husband, attacked by Shonen Bat. She becomes so ensnarled by her desire to become a part of the Shonen Bat phenomenon, she loses her sanity seen by how her husband desperately cries â€Å"Call an ambulance! † admist her strangled demands of â€Å"Tell me how you were attacked! Tell me! † (Minakami) Instead of compelling her to face her inner psychic struggle, the attack fuels her delusional mind as she becomes ecstatic at the thought of being involved in the phenomenon. The episode ends with her demented gleeful expression and sounds of her strained voice to create a haunting atmosphere, especially as the screen fades to black. The wide of influence of these illusionary characters on others directly and indirectly further illustrate Kon’s emphasis on the power of anxiety caused by society invokes its pitiful weak nature. A Symbolic Representation on the Theme of Escapism—episode 10 The character Maromi develops the idea of humanity’s vulnerability to escapism. In episode 10, Kon features a symbolic representation of escapism. Maromi is referred to as an icon of peace. Nevertheless, she is another false bringer of relief like Shonen Bat. Due to the popularity of Maromi, a TV show was created featuring her adventures with a young baseball player. We are subjected to another framed narrative as the story is told in the narrative of Maromi’s show through the conversation between Maromi and the boy. His baseball bat, unlike Shonen Bat’s, is not warped, signifying reality. The baseball player explains his frustration with the sport. Maromi coaxes him to put down the bat and â€Å"take a break†(Yoshino). Letting go of the bat would represent letting go of reality and â€Å"taking a break† simply means avoiding one’s problem. This idea is emphasized with the setting of the ending theme. Everyone is sprawled on the peaceful field of grass and sleeping with Maromi sitting in the centre. The characters appear to be peaceful without worry which illustrates ignorance of their problems. They are laid on the ground to form a question mark. This poses the inquiry if seeking fantasy by the means of â€Å"sleeping† is truly the best solution. The Truth of Escapism Revealed—episode 11 In episode 11, the truth of Shonen Bat’s existence is voiced by the character Misae, Ikari’s wife—he is an ad-hoc relief. Contrastingly, Shonen Bat cannot hurt Misae although she is faced with a hopeless future—she suffers from a terminal disease and her husband struggles to pay for her operations—because of her strength to face reality. Consequently, she understands that Shonen Bat’s existence is an illusion given that he can only feel euphoria over simple things like hitting people and how this offers only false salvation. She declares: â€Å"No matter how harsh reality is, [humans] can confront it. (Minakami)Misae demonstrates the true strong and noble mind a human potentially holds. She becomes the embodiment of courage to face reality. This episode foreshadows the character development in others, particularly Ikari and Tsukiko. As Misae had predicted, Shonen Bat being an ad-hoc relief, invokes a temporary solution to one’s proble ms. Revisiting episode 1, before Tsukiko is attacked, there is a soft sound of chimes as though signaling danger. This is to suggest that despite characters’ belief that Shonen Bat is a form of relief; he is a dangerous solution to one’s problems. This music reappears as a leimotif whenever other character desires to escape reality. Past problems of characters resurface after Shonen Bat’s attack in episode 12. Through Shonen Bat’s attack, Tsukiko managed to be excused from designing her new character. However, as the commotion of the assault had settled, the demands of her new creation returned. She finds herself in the same position beforehand and even more stressed as her assistant is frustrated with her lack of results and even inflicts harm upon her: â€Å"How long are you going to be on your high horse? what do you think you are? The sun? How long has it been since you said you’d draw a new design? † (Minakami). Furthermore, Chouno’s alter-ego returns after the attack. Kon outlines the futility of escapism, only a temporary relief from stress. The absurdity of society, desperately relying on Shonen Bat in order to find a solution to their problems, voices the weak side of humanity Kon critiques. Escapism at its Utmost Absurdity—Episode 13 The climatic point is reached at episode 13 where Ikari and Tsukiko delve into escapism to its utmost absurdity. They are transported to a surreal world. The irrationality of escapism and humanity’s weakness are emphasized through changes in animation style. In this escapist world, the animation contains a flat, two-dimensional art style, suggesting characters live in a world where they do not experience the full range of human emotions. The 2-D townspeople have simple, superficial reactions to situations. They lack in emotional complexity in comparison to Ikari and Tsukiko who are animated in a 3-D style. The animation style changes to the traditional, comic drawing style of Japan post WWII, providing a nostalgic atmosphere which reflects Ikari’s desire to escape to the past. The choice to escape to a 2-D world emphasizes weakness of human nature in all its absurdity. Meanwhile, with the growing population of people influenced by Shonen Bat directly and indirectly, he transforms into an enormous monster. Maromi attempts to â€Å"shield† Tsukiko from reality had led to Shonen Bat transforming into an amorphous entity that consumes all of Tokyo, illustrating how accumulating, unresolved stress culminated into a self-destructive force. Solution to Escapism—episode 13 However, Misae appears briefly in the hallucinatory world of Ikari. Being the embodiment of courage, she inspires him to face reality during her last moments alive (in reality she is undergoing surgery and at the verge of death). He recalls his vow: â€Å"No matter how difficult life becomes, let’s not turn away from it, and overcome difficulties together. † (Minakami), thus Ikari frees himself from the 2-D world. He breaks the walls of his hallucinatory world with a straight bat which shatter into dolls of Maromi—a reference to episode 10. When Maromi pleads him to stop: â€Å"This is your world! † he states: â€Å"I lost my place in the world a long time ago. And that reality that I don’t have anywhere I belong†¦is where I truly belong! † (Minakami) demonstrating his desire to face reality. Tsukiko also breaks free and revisits her past memory of the death of her dog where she blames Shonen Bat despite it being her fault. As her younger-self blames Shonen Bat, special effects are used to illustrate her shadow transforming into the silhouette of Shonen Bat. However, her present-self intervenes and acknowledges the truth through apologizing to her dog. This acceptance of reality destroys Shonen Bat, signified by his phrase of â€Å"Goodbye†. Therefore, the black being disappears and Tokyo is able to recover from the attack and Tsukiko appears to obtain the peaceful life she desired for. Despite the depiction of human nature being weak in the face of adversity and pressure, Kon also provides an optimistic outlook. Society is redeemed with the characters’ acceptance of reality. Conclusion—The Nature of Escapism and its Consequences Kon critiques society for its weak nature, willing to devise various forms of escapism to protect itself from the harshness of reality. The pressure of modern life causes self-victimization which only contributes to growing problems in society. Kon stresses the importance of realizing the need to identify the truth of one’s problems and solve it directly rather than seek false salvation such as in Paranoia Agent. However, the ending suggests a rather cynical view of this process of losing reality and regaining reality. In Paranoia Agent, Maniwa takes the role of the prophet and performs a tedious calculation only to come to a shocking answer—the desire for escapism will never cease to end and the whole event with Shonen Bat will only repeat in time. This is confirmed by Kon who states that Shonen Bat’s â€Å"Goodbye† was a sarcastic remark and he’d soon return (Kon). Relating the Theme of Escapism with Our respective Lives The audience becomes disturbed by the desire of characters to resort to escapism. However, they realize that they are just like the characters. We seek entertainment in the media to escape our own realities. People watch shows like â€Å"CSI†, â€Å"So you think you can dance† or â€Å"Law and Order† to fantasize about being detectives or idols, thus we identify with characters in the Paranoia Agent. Kon conveys the enticement to escape to media: â€Å"On television and through the Internet people are being seduced by the sweetness of illusion and †. In fact, the audience even finds escapism by watching Paranoia Agent. We are lured by the temptations of deceptive relief from reality. This desire for escapism is understandable nevertheless. It becomes the solace of our tired minds from pressure from society: â€Å"It is necessary to have that relief, because without it life is too difficult†(Kehr) as Kon admits. However, Kon illustrates â€Å"the amount of fantasy that people are being fed through the media has become disproportionate† through the hysteria shown in Paranoia Agent.

The Hound of the Baskervilles Essay Example

The Hound of the Baskervilles Essay Arthur Conan Doyle lived in London in the late 19th century. His career was not exactly very successful in the early stages of his life. It started as him being a doctor onboard a ship, he was then a general practitioner in Southsea, but this career did not work for him either, and later he became an unsuccessful optician! So Doyle made the decision to dedicate himself to writing. Undoubtedly his most famous works are the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Watson. They were loved by all the public, who made Holmes a cult figure. When people read Doyles books it allows them to think that they live in a world rid of crime and violence, a safe place with no criminals and murderers nothing like the London in the late 19th century. The novel was written in 1902, the main plot of it is that many years before a member of the Baskerville family, Hugo Baskerville, had beaten a young lady and had kept her in the house as his prisoner. While at a banquet this lady escapes and runs onto the moor to attempt to escape. Hugo, when he discovers she has escaped gathers his men and chases her onto the moor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hound of the Baskervilles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hound of the Baskervilles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hound of the Baskervilles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hugo then decides to go ahead and chase the lady personally. After a while, his men come to see whether he has caught the lady, but they are horrified to see that the bodies of Hugo and the lady are lying dead on the floor, they are then terrified at the sight of a Gigantic hound standing over Hugos lifeless body, ripping flesh from his throat. Since then, it is said that this hound stalks the Baskerville family, and will kill any of the descendents if they wander over the moor at night. In addition to the legend of the Baskervilles there are many other features that also make the novel successful as a horror and suspense thriller. Firstly, the scene is set on the moor, a barren and desolate place with a very evil reputation But the moor with its mysteries and its strange inhabitants remains as inscrutable as ever. Secondly, within the moor there are many supernatural things such as the Grimpen mire. The Grimpen mire is an area of bog with rather strange tales been told about it. The novel is set late into the Victorian era. Conan Doyle did not set out to change the world with his novels, but to entertain the Victorians. It is a classic detective story, during the Romantic period of literature. It is a Gothic tale. There are many elements of macabre that link this novel with the Gothic genre. These include the setting in the wild moor, set at night time. The most important link is that to the phantom hound, and especially the eyes. Its eyes glowed with a smouldering glare. There is a strong link to the Gothic genre with the mention of phosphorescent eyes. There is a stereotypical set of characters, the hero, the trusty sidekick, the damsel in distress, and of course the arch-villain (black-sheep). It is all very melodramatic. The hero is Sherlock Holmes, who is very clever and is always right. The sidekick is Dr Watson, who isnt that clever, and tends to get things wrong. The damsel in distress is Stapletons sister (actually Stapletons wife). The arch-villain is no other than Stapleton himself.

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Hooking Ideas to Use When Writing about Cultures

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Hooking Ideas to Use When Writing about Cultures If you need help finding a topic for your next compare and contrast essay on cultural relativism, look over the list of 20 topics below to get a handful of great ideas suitable for your next task. Remember that this list is one meant to be a sample, one which offers a handful of potential ideas from which you can generate an idea best suited to your assignment needs. Some of the topics below should be altered for scalability based on your assignment (such as adding a time period, or a theory, or perhaps narrowing it down to one aspect of a time period or theory). This can help you meet any page length or word count requirements. Rite of Passage in the Christian Culture Compare and Contrast How Culture Shapes Concept Compare and Contrast the Way Culture Directs Human Behavior The Changes in Culture and Human Behavior: Chronological Relations Impact of Social Organization on Highlighting Cultural Differences How Social Organization Downplays Cultural Differences Moral Philosophies of Absolutes: Understanding Cultural Values Compare and Contrast Cultural Variety and Competing Morals Cultural Complexity: How to Value Different Cultures Compare and Contrast Cultural Orientations: How Human Behavior Exhibits Culturally Specific and Informed Practice Compare and Contrast How Cultural Differences Threaten Quality of Social Science Data Legal Conundrums: Cultural Acceptance of Immigrants Acquiescing versus Respecting: Challenges Newcomers Have in Immigration Immanuel Kant’s Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism Johannes Gottfried Herder Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism Franz Boaz’s Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism Gottfried Herder’s Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism Social Customs and Standards: Western Thought Enforced on Others Benjamin Lee Whorf’s Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism Freedom of Speech: Respecting Nazi Beliefs as Part of Cultural Relativism Sample Compare and Contrast Essay â€Å"Johannes Gottfried Herder Contributions and Theories of Cultural Relativism† Johann Gottfried von Herder has been widely associated with many subjects including poetry, theology, philosophy, and literature. He is also found to have contributed heavily to three distinct periods, including that of Sturm und Drang in Germany, Weimer Classicism, and Enlightenment. But he is perhaps best known for his contributions to the creation of the theory of cultural relativism. Herder was born in what is now Poland and grew up impoverished, educating himself with the family songbook and Bible. He enrolled in a university at 17 in Germany where he was able to study under Immanuel Kant. He was soon the protà ©gà © of Johann Georg Hamann who was well known for disputing secular reasoning and claims therein. He was not sociable and was said by others to be inspired by God. As a clergyman he taught and produced literary criticisms simultaneously. He traveled the world, during which time he was able to shift his self-perception. He was able to meet Goethe when he reached France, and it was here that he inspired Goethe with his literary criticism. This is what led to the Sturm und Drang movement. It was because of his inspiration to Goethe that years later, when Goethe was well known, he used his influence to secure a position for Herder. Accepting it, Herder began to shift toward classicalism, endorsing the French revolution. He soon became ennobled in Germany. During this time he promoted many theories which formed the foundation of comparative philology. He then moved on to contributing to what we know today as the theory of cultural relativism. This is a theory that cultures that shape their thoughts and group behaviors. In addition to that, people from other groups have to then take into consideration the different backgrounds or environments of other people in order to understand their behaviors, their traits, their thoughts, and what contributes to making their culture. By reviewing the cultures of others, people can gain better insight into the various groups which exist and have some form of relativism to them in comparison to their personal culture. Part of the influence on this theoretical development was the importance that people placed on patriotism and nationalism, Herder concluded. Understanding how a nation can be both individual and separate, distinguished by tradition, heredity, education, climate, and more helped garner a better appreciation for other cultures. He praised different nationalities for their varied characters, inclinations, and languages. Enlightenment was an important period as it was the backdrop out of which anthropological sensibilities began to oppose. It was Herder who formed the ancient cultural relativism ideas, which emphasizes that cultures exist in plural. Herder’s anthropology is linked closely to his contributions during the Enlightenment. More so than is often thought. While Herder’s work attacks the abstraction of Enlightenment, it retains the arrogance of the Eurocentric teleology and argues for the hermeneutical approaches which emphasize the importance for prejudice. In part of his work, Herder is suspicious of progress and the theories of gradual development. He openly criticizes colonialism. But he shares quite a bit with the natural historian Buffon, who argues that humans are characterized by their relationships to the environment around them, their ability to receive and transmit knowledge, and their flexibility in response to their culture or environment. As such, it is clear that Herder’s critique of progress as aforementioned is one intended to convey that culture is a process through which humans are able to develop, or reach Enlightenment. The definition of culture held by Herder is one closely aligned to the model of civilization associated with a unitary Enlightenment. References: Abu†Lughod, Lila. Do Muslim women really need saving? Anthropological Reflections on  Cultural Relativism and Its Others.  American Anthropologist 104.3 (2002): 783-790. Ehret, Christopher. The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press,  2002. Herskovits, Melville J. Cultural anthropology. (1956). Healy, Lynne M. Universalism and Cultural Relativism in Social Work Ethics. International  Social Work  50.1 (2007): 11-26. Jay, Martin. Cultural Relativism and the Visual Turn.  Journal of visual culture1.3 (2002): 267-278. Pollis, Adamantia. Cultural Relativism Revisited: Through a State Prism. Human Rights  Quarterly  18.2 (1996): 316-344. Spiro, Melford E. Cultural Relativism and the Future of Anthropology.  Cultural  Anthropology  1.3 (1986): 259-286. Zechenter, Elizabeth M. In the Name of Culture: Cultural Relativism and the Abuse of the Individual.  Journal of Anthropological Research  (1997): 319-347.

The Cubist Movement and Les Demoiselles dAvignon Essay

The Cubist Movement and Les Demoiselles dAvignon - Essay Example The essay "The Cubist Movement and Les Demoiselles d’Avignon" investigates the role of Pablo Picasso in the context of cubism. His focus on emotions was a reaction to the perfectionism of the photograph and the machine age and a justification for the continuation of the art of painting as an art form. The approach they took was to portray the realism of the subject by breaking the established rules of art in order to explore images or reflections of pure emotion. Lyotard describes this process as an attempt â€Å"to make visible that there is something which can be conceived and which can neither be seen nor made visible†. This â€Å"something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible† is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of transcendent greatness â€Å"with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation†. The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imaginatio n in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. Its significance is in the way in which it brings attention to the uncertainty of meaning inherent in the work, such that no resolution makes itself apparent and the viewer is forced to come to an understanding of his or her own. This establishes a communication between the art, the artist and the viewer that goes beyond the image on the canvas and remains individual for each viewer. For artists of the Modernism, to achieve this sublime element meant to throw away the training.

Real chocolate case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Real chocolate case study - Essay Example Stores sell around 100 chocolate varieties. Apart from this there are 15 types of fudges available as well as over 30 varieties of caramel-covered apples. The company is very particular about customer service and their main concern is to provide the best available products. The Real Chocolate Company has stores in 65 of 110 factory outlet malls in the United States. The location of stores is selected on the basis of the area, attractiveness, costs and other important factors. The company has been a very successful one and its aim is to build the Company into the leading retailer of chocolates in the United States. The opportunities and the threats are external for the company and they can only be determined looking at the moves of the competitors and the other external factors that have a major impact on the company as a whole and its stakeholders as well. Although the Real Chocolate Company is prospering, there are specific factors that have to be considerd before we can decide whether it will continue to do so. There are certain threats looming which could make the maintainance of this level of progression challenging. One such threat is the degree of competition that the Company would be facing in the coming years. Competitors have been working at producing new products in order to attract customers. They have been introducing healthy items to make their production available to a greater range of customers. Such items include candies with vitamins and skin-enhancing ingredients, sugar-free sweets, chocolate bars with specific elements that would be suitable to people with heart-related problems, etc. Thus, there is a danger of substitution. Apart from existing competitors there is the threat of new entry in this business. The ability of other organizations to enter a market affects power. It differs in different cases. Where there is a free entry and exit, low setup and documentation costs are involved, entry is formed instantly and would be vice versa in the case when there are barriers to entry, etc. Another threat to the Real Chocolate Company is the fact that there is a rise in obesity in the United States. This would affect their sales unless the company manufactured products suitable for such people. Customers are also faced with the problem of allergies, such as peanut allergy. The Company has to be taking this into view as well. There is also an increased cost to keep up with the manufacturing technological progress. The Company should keep this in mind as well. The cost problem is also connected to other areas, for example the wages. There will be increasing minimum wages which the Company will have to counter and so the cost of manufacturing will increase. Also, the cost of raw materials and transportation may increase, once again leading to

Genital Warts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genital Warts - Assignment Example According to Genitalwart-s.com, a site managed by the Genital Warts Support Team and whose content is obviously taken from reputable medical sources, genital warts are transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse with a carrier, whether this is vaginal, oral or anal sex. In fact, the possibility of acquiring genital warts from having sex with a carrier accounts for 66% of all cases. However, based on recent medical research, there is no evidence yet that genital warts are transmitted through contaminated medical equipment or even personal items like toothbrush and bath towels. According to the National Institutes of Health, among the factors that increase risk of genital wart infection include having multiple sexual partners, not knowing the sexual history or status of one’s partner at the time of intercourse, being sexually active at a relatively early age, using tobacco or alcohol, having another viral infection like herpes at the time of intercourse, being pregnant or having a weakened immune system that is attributed to a current illness or medication (Zieve, NIH). Other risk factors would include having acquired sexually transmitted infections or diseases in the past, and the use of oral contraceptives and birth control pills instead of condoms and other forms of barrier methods or mechanical prophylaxis, because the former would simply allow unprotected sexual intercourse to take place (â€Å"Genital Warts†). Nevertheless, male and female condoms would often prove to be poor ways of preventing genital warts because the HPV can be on th e skin (Zieve, NIH). Additional risk factors, according to Genitalwart-s.com, include excessive stress, an experience of trauma such as one from a previous surgery, a serious illness, or a serious treatment for diseases such as cervical cancer (â€Å"Genital Warts†). Perhaps, another risk

Marketing Plan For Renault Twingo

Marketing Plan For Renault Twingo According to our class, MC 600, Business Policy, we have to write a business plan about a product of our company. In this case it is supposed we are working for Renault Car Company, and we prepare the business plan for one of our products, which is Renault Twingo, regarding the Greek market. To develop successful strategies and action programs, we need up-to-date information about the environment, the competition, and the market segments to be served. Often, analysis of internal data is the starting point for assessing the current marketing situation, supplemented by marketing intelligence and research investigating the overall market, the competition, key issues, and threats and opportunities issues. As the plan is put into effect, we will use advertising and other forms of research to measure progress toward objectives and identify areas for improvement, if results fall short of projections. Finally, we will use marketing research to learn more about their customers requirements, e xpectations, perceptions, and satisfaction levels. This deeper understanding will provide a foundation for building competitive advantage through well-informed segmenting, targeting, and positioning decisions. Thus, the marketing plan should outline what marketing research will be conducted and how the findings will be applied. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the first section we have to summarize the main goals, recommendations and points of our project in order to be accepted by the managers. Our project will target in reclaiming Renaults superiority in Segment A by positioning Twingo as one of the best overall proposals in the segment. It will be placed between mainstream, e.g. Fiat Panda and trendy cars such as Smart, and FIAT 500, targeting mainly style-oriented, younger customers, who are more willing to buy a 3-door car. Moreover we can get a competition advantage by differentiate the target groups by multiple versions. Authentic to Expression: Refers to a mainstream target group, practical. Dynamic: Refers to female group with several dynamic characteristics. GT: More Sporty and masculine profile. We will exploit connectivity and customization features to enhance youth appeal and trendy factor (Dynamic, GT).We will promote practicality and versatility to enhance its mainstream appeal (Authentic, Expression).Systematically attract first-time-buyers and exploit opportunities to up-sell them within the brand. Finally we will use competitive fleet policy (10% discount on retail price) to support retail sales (despite lack of 5 doors). Generally we will exploit limited editions for conquest sales and for maintaining trendyness. By these actions we target at about 1500 sales, both retail and fleet, for the year 2010 in Greece. This is a partition of 7, 6% and 1, 4%, respectively, as shown in the image below. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION In order to analyze the current marketing situation, we will discuss about the overall Greek Market, identify the market segments we will target and provide information about the companys current situation. Renault: The Company (briefly) In 1899 Renault Frà ¨res is founded by Marcel and Fernand Renault. In 1903 the sales network expands and the first subsidiaries are set up outside France. In 1975 managed by Bernard Vernier-Palliez, Renault comprises the state-owned Rà ©gie (104,000 employees) and the subsidiaries set up through diversification (118,500 employees) and by 1980 Renault was Europes leading vehicle manufacturer. In 1997 Twingo arrives in the market. Range Segmentation MARKET DESCRIPTION We will examine the target segments and provide context for the marketing strategies. We will examine the economic position and the general situation of Greek Market, MAVA which is the official Renaults representatives, the Purchase Behavior of the target group in which we are interesting in and the current situation of the Competition. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: Greek Market Situation Real GDP average growth 4,1% (10yr), 4.2% (3yr). Slowing growth in 2010 reflects weakening growth in fixed investment and exports, due to strong Euro. Consumer spending even if slower growing retains its momentum and will continue to be the main contributor to 2010 GDP growth driven by real wage growth (4%) and employment growth. Spending on consumer durables, in particular, remains strong (sales of household equipment increased by 5.6%, as did car sales). Household debts account for 37.8% of GDP vs 61.6% for EU-13. Consumer credit growth remains strong at a (stabilized) 20%. Deposit growth reached 14.4% in 2007 vs 10.5% in 2006 Greek economic climate index in rise from mid-2005 to September 2007, decreasing slightly in October; remains higher than European index. Greeks more willing to buy a car in 2010 than EU-27 or EU-13 average. The positive effect of direct tax reductions is expected to be compensated by the increase of VAT by 1-2 percentage units in 2010 or 2011. Internet penetration at 40% of ages 13-70 years old (13-24: +60%, 25-44: +30%). Broadband connection penetration currently at 6.9% of households (EU-27avg at 16.2%).Average monthly cost at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬28.3 (vs à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬25.4 in France and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬46.8 in Spain). Average speed at 6,6 Mbps (vs 44,1 in France and 6.9 in Spain). A change in the registration tax is not considered feasible for the time being. Liberalization of diesel car market (in Athens and Thessaloniki) remains stagnant, AMVIR (Greek Association of Importers) now pushes for freeing up the diesel LCV market. AMVIRS (Greek Association of Importers) current position to the Government is for a gradual and mid-term alignement of the taxation system with the emissions norms. All data: European Commission, Eurostat, National Bank of Greece, except Internet data (independent surveys). All data: European Commission, (*) Ministry of Economics Finance. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: Renault in Greece MAVA Implement ready, in-house software to track real-time MAVA/Dealer stock, order, invoice and registration data. Based on the above, specify and implement a new monthly marketing reporting system, specified with and covering the needs of Management, Renault and Marketing. Exploit Renault-specified PER4 Dealer training program (analytic proposal to be submitted by end of March 2010) to provide a business case for dealers to endorse change, total customer satisfaction and a new culture vis-avis Renaults forthcoming product assault. Budget 50.000à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. Starting from 2011 (along with new Megane), consider an extensive communication plan to change current perceptions of Renault and gradually establish it among top-of-mind brands in Greece. Given approval, Marketing will provide a comprehensive route map by end of June 2010 to be finalized by end of 2010 and be implemented starting from 2011. This will include a thorough proposal on the approach and process leading to an action plan by end of 2010. Deployment of the new brand identity graphic guidelines within the company and to the dealer network (core elements, stationery, printed forms, advertising, local communication -publications, events etc), starting with the new Twingo launch campaign, including follow-up and evaluation on the extent of deployment, according to time-plan imposed by Renault (12 months). The PURCHASE BEHAVIOR of the target group Stage 1: Initial interaction with the brand At this stage, customer has not fully developed the need to purchase a new car and collects information / perceptions / impressions by various channels that result in top-of-mind awareness of specific brands. Brand Influence at this stage comes from creating impressions and emotional territories through: Advertising: emotional positioning. Press relations: word of mouth is especially important for the small Greek society and especially women, who mostly turn to friends and family for advice. B-T-L Promotions: help relate the brand to values and behaviors. Stage 2: Actual investigation At this stage, customer assesses technical and tangible factors (however still through an emotional process), identifying possible solutions to his/her needs. This results to the shortlist. Provided that the brand has passed the test of the first stage, the choice criteria are: Performance (20-28) Roominess and reliability (29-45), with price and equipment as common denominators. Customers first choose a brand and, subsequently, the model it offers in the segment they need. French Cars in general provides to their customers: Elegance Alternative Focused in comfort Luxury Feminine Unreliable Weak USP Design Progression Affordability Customers Character Twingo Characteristics Renault Twingo differentiates its target group depending on the version: Twingo Authentic to Expression Mainstream, practical Twingo Dynamic Feminine Twingo GT Sporty, masculine In general its target group is men and women 20 35 years old. Twingo means fan, joy, entertainment combined with all the above characteristics of a French Car. PRODUCT REVIEW In continue, we have to outline the main characteristics and summarize extra information needed about our product, Renault Twingo. Renault Twingo is characterized by: Modern, Pleasing Design Roomy, practical and occupant-friendly An assertive personality underpinned by dynamic styling Communicative and occupant-friendly: New Twingo features an Audio Connection Box (in UK we will be calling this system multi-functional Tune Point) which enables personal music collections stored on USB keys, portable MP3 players or iPods ® to be played through the cars audio system and operated via the steering wheel-mounted controls. My Twingo philosophy: buyers can customize their new car inside and out thanks to a range of decorative decals for the exterior and a selection of innovative accessories such as the Organizer Box and Makeup Box for the interior. Appeal to young clientele, essentially urban-dwellers hooked on new technologies Chassis derived from the B-segment and a power train range featuring the new TCE (Turbo Control Efficiency) 100hp petrol engine, which offers class-leading performance and fuel consumption, New Twingos superior dynamics, set it apart from its predecessor. Optimizing cabin space and interior versatility, by making full use of the cars compact dimensions (length: 3.60m). Interior is extremely modular thanks to its four independent sliding seats. Safety was at the forefront of the New Twingo design teams priorities. New Twingo is the first model to be renewed within the framework of Renault Commitment 2011 and had to meet an extremely exacting brief in terms of quality and profitability. Supplementary information about models: A. TWINGO Twingos agile handling makes it perfect for nipping in and out of city traffic. With its compact length of just 3.60 m, Twingo is a cinch to park and a delight to drive. It also stands out with its pure, contemporary styling. Twingo brings drivers a dynamic and pleasant drive. Our primary consumer target is middle- to lower-income people who need a car with pleasing desing but also comfortable and easy to use. All versions of Twingo carry the Renault eco ² signature. They emit less than 140 g/km of CO2, contain renewable materials and recycled plastic, and are produced at the ISO 14001 certified Novo Mesto plant in Slovenia. B. TWINGO SPORT Renault has produced an affordable high-performance car which sits alongside Clio and Mà ©gane Renault Sport in the Renault Sport range. Renault Twingos existing lines are underpinned by a more curvaceous, athletic stance and the newcomers sporty calling is further emphasized by its wider front and rear wings, profiled sills and spoiler. Twingo Renault Sport is the response of Renault Sport Technologies experts to a two-pronged challenge, namely to deliver sports performance while at the same time ensuring that the new car is easy to use on a day-to-day basis. Twingo Renault Sports chassis is both responsive and finely tuned to provide precise, balanced sports handling, while specific work on the pitch of its new 133hp 1,598cc engine reveals its punchy temperament. C. TWINGO GORDINI R.S. The return of the Gordini name is to be marked by the introduction of a new chic and sporty version of Renault Sports pocket rocket which takes a current-day stance on the cues long associated with the Gordini world. Twingo Gordini R.S. features a gleaming Malte Blue lacquered metallic finish, plus two white racing stripes, in keeping with tradition. The front and rear bumpers are enhanced by gloss black details, while the fog lamp surrounds, exterior mirror housings and lip spoiler are all picked out in a contrasting white finish. Gordini Series badging either side refers back to the heyday of the Gordini Cup when the qualifying heats of the different meetings were known as sà ©ries. This exclusive exterior styling package is rounded off by a choice of either blue or black diamond-effect 17-inch aluminum alloy wheels. To ensure that it befits Gordinis glorious motor sport heritage, the latest addition to the Twingo range is based on the same performance/equipment package as the Renault Sport version: Sport chassis with 17-inch wheels for outstanding road-holding performance that is equally suited to everyday motoring, a feisty, responsive 1.6-litre 133hp petrol powerplant with a distinctive, specially-tuned engine pitch under acceleration, precise, incisive steering for even greater fun at the wheel, powerful, durable braking performance. The fashionable and sporty label of the Renault Sport range with its elegant finish and strong design codes, the Gordini label builds on the renowned expertise of Renault Sport, and offers a fresh interpretation of its values. Renault naturally opted to build on the reputation of Renault Sport Technologies (RST) in order to transform the Gordini legend into a reality. Renaults sports branch has prolonged the Gordini heritage through its renowned expertise in motor sport and the development of its sports models. COMPETITIVE REVIEW The direct completion for Renault Twingo in Greece is FIAT Panda, CHEVROLET Matiz, HYUNDAI Atos, PEUGEOT 107, SMART ForTwo, TOYOTA Aygo, KIA Picanto, CITROEN C1, VOLKSWAGEN Fox, DAIHATSU Cuore, FORD Ka, OPEL Agila. The Total Market Sales are showed below: As we can see, the segment dominated by Panda Koreans (low price models, therefore strong in fleet sales) followed by TPCA trio (Toyota, Peugeot, Citroen Automobile), upward indication for ForTwo and Cuore and downward indication for Matiz, Atos and Fox. The 3-Door Sales Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo 3-door versions appeal to first-time buyers, seeking for looks and style, who are willing to spend more for differentiation. Fleet Sales VS Retail Sales Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo Segment leaders retain significant contribution on both fleet and retail sales. The ForTwo, Fox and TPCA trio appeal more to retail buyers. Despite drop of fleet sales, Picanto compensated with strong retail sales. MARKETING STRATEGY As a volume carmaker, Renault has long been recognised for the quality and inventiveness of its products in the small car segment and New Twingo is no exception. Since its unveiling at the 1992 Paris Motor Show, Twingo has revolutionised the world of city cars. In response to shifts in customer demand across the span of its 14-year life, Twingo took the form of seven different collections and a long list of striking special and limited editions. The European small car market has been reasonably stable since 2000, yet that hasnt prevented it from being extremely competitive, owing to the presence of the traditional European makes and, more recently, the advent of newcomers from Asia. Even so, Renault stands out as a major player in the segment and New Twingo reinforces the brands line-up with a view to optimising its coverage of this end of the market. With a length of 3.60 metres, New Twingo is a practical, communicative, compact car. New Twingos mission is twofold, the first being to build on its ever-growing reputation as Twingo owners were loyal to the car and replaced it with another Twingo. The second aspect of the models mission involves reaching out to a new clientele seeking a safe, versatile, practical and feisty package with compact dimensions. One-third of European small car buyers are aged under 35, including 11 per cent who are under 25. Amongst its new targets, New Twingo seeks to appeal to this young clientele, essentially urban-dwellers hooked on new technologies and for whom the car is seen as a symbol of freedom, as well as an extension of the world in which they live. New Twingo covers all these criteria thanks to its unique personality and unprecedented connectivity for its segment, not to mention its inherent versatility, driver appeal, travelling comfort and dynamic, reassuring handling. Strategy and Marketing employs 150 people from diverse backgrounds, including 12 different nationalities. The five key functions in Renaults Marketing Department 1. Marketing product and services manager Their role is to develop the most attractive selection of products and services for a given range of vehicles. They adapt their choice to each national market without overlooking the brands identity and sales targets. They help elaborate marketing strategy, analyse sales figures for their models, and constantly look for ways to sell more. 2. Product positioning consultant They draw on different surveys and studies to propose ways to improve the brands positioning and image. Working with the different range managers, they decide how a model should be positioned and what audiences to target. They then adapt this positioning to each country. 3. Price consultant They draft a price strategy for each model in every country. Another of their functions is to examine across-the-board pricing methods and procedures. Strong interpersonal skills are important as they are in daily contact with the markets and other marketing experts. 4. Trend forecaster Their task is to analyse market trends and sales forecasts for each vehicle in a range of countries. Their conclusions help the factories plan production in line with the dealerships probable needs for vehicles to satisfy customer demand. 5. Planning studies manager They pilot the sales and marketing planning system, assess Market Areas needs for economic modelling, and adapt planning tools accordingly. They train the national plan coordinators in the use of planning tools and methods. They also analyse each countrys budget and strategy plans to then compile a group-wide synthesis. Positioning The new Renault Twingo hopes to appeal to the small car segment and the initial first car buyer segment while also appealing to families who wish to acquire a second car, or to those using their car in urban or city areas. This car interests distinct and different groups of car buyers so there is a need for careful product positioning in the mind of the consumer. Some considerations when positioning a new car might include: first car or small car users who expect specific design qualities from a car families who want a second car to get them from A to B or to complete the school run twice a day and who will also want different features young people looking for personality from their car perhaps more sporty features or individual and distinctive design finishes. New Twingos key target market is young dynamic people. Renault has a marked advantage in this area because it is known for its keen pricing and is also an established, highly recognisable brand that young people can relate too. Price Strategy Renault has a clear understanding of its key target market (young people and other price-conscious car buyers) and has designed pricing strategies to best address their needs and the positioning of the New Twingo. In the case of the New Twingo it is imperative that it be keenly priced and also that running costs are low. The price quoted by Renault is the price you will pay at the dealership. The starting price is 8790à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ and it can reach the 13100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ depending to the model and the equipment included. All the dealers provide the option to buy the car with a small amount in advance and then with monthly installments. Price Positioning by Model Direct Competitors VS Renault Twingo 8k: Koreans (high contribution of fleet sales). 9k: Panda (has also the widest coverage). 9-11k: Twingos core competition. 12k: Smart. 13-14k: Twingo GTs main competition (Panda 100 C2 VTS). Distribution Review In this level we have to analyze Renaults distribution network around the world and specifically in Greece. Renault its an international industrial organization with 38 industrial sites in 17 countries which ensure that production occurs close to markets and unique standardization which guarantees the same level of quality throughout the world. International production capacities are expanding rapidly. Major projects of development are in Russia (a partnership signed with the AvtoVAZ automaker), and Morocco (work began on a new industrial complex in Tangiers). A launch to the dealers is different to launching a car to the public. Increased demand for a car is also known as a pull factor as it essentially pulls the product through the distribution channel from the manufacturer toward the consumer. In order to succeed at getting the product to the consumer, Renault has an International network of agents or dealers who carry its cars in the companies stable. This means that support is given to the Renault dealers around the world to promote the new model in a way that generates demand for the new car. Our channel strategy is to use selective distribution all over Greece. During the first year, we will add channel partners until we have coverage in all major greek markets and the product is included in the major car catalogs and even Web sites. The Renault Production Way: Guarantees the same quality standards throughout the world, Enhances Group performance (plant specialization according to car segment, development of plant capacity to produce different vehicles on the same production line, continuous improvement of the workstation, etc.), Ensures the Groups commitments to the environment (100% of Renaults production sites are committed to ISO 14001 (environmental management standard) certification processes), Reinforces safety throughout the world. Renault has a distribution network all over the world-Americas, Europe, Eurasia, Asia and Africa. The official sales partnership in Greece is PGA motors at Marousi, Athens. Moreover Renault motors are sold by almost 31 agents-sales points all over the country. SWOT ANALYSIS In the next step of our marketing plan, is the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in our project. It involves identification of the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve our objective. Strengths: Strengths and strong points of our car. Weaknesses: Internal weaknesses of Renault Twingo. Opportunities: external conditions which are helpful to achieving our objective. Threats: external conditions which could do damage to the objective. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. STRENGHTS My Twingo philosophy-Modern, Pleasing Design Roomly, Vertisile interior 1.2-litre TCE (Turbo Control Efficiency) engine. WEAKNESSES Evidence of cost cutting Thrashy, and engine noise is intrusive at motorway speeds. Disputed wheel positioning OPPORTUNITIES Increase fleet sales Are there emerging trends on which we can capitalize? Increased demand in segment A THREATS Pure fleet sales Extreme competition in segment A- Fiat 500, C2, Smart Many offers and uprising Car industries with cheap products Marketing Communication Strategy Pre-publicity in the form of motoring reviews and test drives are critical to the success of a trade launch as this activity must generate sufficient consumer curiosity and interest in the new model. In this way, we will give the opportunity to experts and driving correspondents or journalists, to assess the merits of the new Twingo before the rest car-buying public. We will also try to hold open weekends in dealers garages where customers can come along to test drive the new car. By getting potential car buyers to test drive a car, product usage increases. This will have a knock on sales of the new car. The primary above the line medium we are going to use to promote and communicate the new car is through advertising. In the case of the New Twingo, the main advertising mediums going to be used, aside for those used when communicating with the trade, are outdoor billboard advertising and TV and radio advertising. New Twingo advertising themes and images include ideas of surprise, independence, spontaneity and versatility. Key factual messages that need to be also included are the smart design of the car, the value for money and cost of the car and the low running costs. Advertising Expenditure Evolution During Jan-Oct 2010, the advertising expenditure of the segment has decreased by 33,3% since all major competitors launches have been conducted before 2010. Share of Spending Chevrolet Matiz is, by far, the leader of the segment. Smart has no TV investment (only magazines and BTL activities). MediaMix TV and Magazines are the main media during Jan-Oct 2011 Large increase of TV against Magazines in 2011 is due to launches having taken place in 2010, reflects tactical advertising in 2010. Share of Voice Adults 18-34 8 Matiz acquire, by far, the highest SOV due to small average duration of spots. COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES 2010 Create a buz among young potential customers to support Twingos positioning as a trendy choice. Differentiate creative and media mix according to target group ( mainstream, women, men). Draw on the values of Twingo I to retain existing customers (modular design, simplicity of entry versions). Implement an integrated launch campaign (adaptation of international launch) to fight clutter by competitors launches and spice-up brand image. Media Use Use of TV as main medium (MAD TV included as the only youth music channel). Use short TVCs to increase SOV. Creative use of magazines (lifestyle advertorials photo shootings etc): lifestyle, womens, youth titles. Creative use of radio (lifestyle testimonials). Joint events (Asterix movie sponsorship). Use of Internet and New Media with creative penetration (ambient media). Use of outdoor at urban regions (5 major cities). Content Communicate the accessories youth-targeting features (personalization connectivity). Communicate price affordability. Use GT version to communicate TCE USPs. Press Maintain a Press test-drive fleet of 2 cars (Dynamique GT). 2011: Communicate RS and limited editions (ATL and Press). 2012: Introduce tactical communication. Competition Launching Media Plans 2010 2012 Media Plan Marketing research Using research, we are identifying the specific features and benefits that our target market segments value. Feedback from market tests, surveys, and focus groups will help us develop the next model of the new Twingo. We are also measuring and analyzing customers attitudes toward competing brands and products. Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising and promotion. Finally, we will use customer satisfaction studies to provoke positive reactions to future buyers. Controls There is no planning without control. Marketing control is the process of monitoring the proposed plans as they proceed and adjusting where necessary. If an objective states where you want to be and the plan sets out a road map to your destination, then control tells you if you are on the right route or if you have arrived at your destination. Control involves measurement, evaluation, and monitoring. Resources are scarce and costly so it is important to control our marketing plans. Control involves setting standards. We are planning tight control measures to closely monitor quality and customer service satisfaction. This will enable us to react very quickly in correcting any problems that may occur. GLOBAL Quality and profitability at the core of the X44 project As part of the new model offensive set out in Renault Commitment 2009, New Twingo had to meet an extremely specific brief in terms of quality and profitability. Renaults latest small car will be produced at the Novo Mesto factory in Slovenia. Upon his arrival as President of Renault in May 2005, Carlos Ghosn instructed engineers to optimise the cost effectiveness of the X44 project. Twingos replacement needed to meet a raft of quality- and appeal-related targets at an extremely competitive cost. Initially delayed to ensure it responded even more closely to customer demand, the project then picked up speed and the cars development was completed within 21 months of the new designs approval. Controlled production-related costs The technique of carry-over served as a powerful lever in achieving this feat. Certain components from previous projects noted for their reliability and effectiveness were incorporated into the new vehicle. In addition to being a pledge of quality, this approach also eliminated unnecessary design costs and lead-times. Although an entirely new car in its own right, New Twingo incorporates parts from the chassis used for Clio II whose quality earned it recognition in 2006. Constraints associated with the adaptation of production plant were similarly m

The Gains and Losses of Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Willy Russell Plays Essays

The Gains and Losses of Educating Rita The purpose of my essay is to explain, in considerable detail, the gains and loses of Educating Rita for it being a two-handed play. The play, ‘Educating Rita’, written by Willy Russell is very entertaining, although there are only two characters, hence the reason it is a two-handed play. The grounds on which I found it entertaining is based upon the basic plot outline which consists of Rita, a working-class Liverpool girl, with a hunger for education and Frank, her lecturer, attempts to do just that, but, their relationship changes, they become close. Close in the sense by not sharing your average perception of a student and teacher relationship. They drink and smoke together. This soon changes when Rita’s knowledge expands with the help of Frank and summer school. Summer school also helps to boost Rita’s confidence enabling her to socialise with educated people like herself. Rita divorces her husband, Denny, and gets a new flat mate called Trish. Trish has a great influence on Rita until, she discovered, Trish tried to commit suicide. Rita and Frank soon fall out however; Frank still enters her for an exam. This concludes in Rita passing her exam and fulfilling her dream of an education. She soon becomes Frank’s friend again. Other characters, such as Trish and Denny are never seen but talked about. All the scenes, throughout the play, are set in the Open University where Rita is being taught. To help me carry out this essay I watched the film, ‘Educating Rita’, in order to identify any gains and losses for the two – handed play. After having read the play and seen the movie I am struck by the large number of differences. Many small details have a great impact on how the story can and is being perceived. The movie offers a great deal of background information on events that are relevant to the play. This is an example of a big loss for ‘Educating Rita’ being a two-handed play. By seeing the deleted scenes of the play you get a greater understanding of the sequence of events. Being unable to see the deleted scenes may have lead to confusion and misinterpretation resulting in the play not achieving its full potential. The play is much more predictable in the sense that numerous actions will not take place on stage. For example, nothing taking place outside Frank's office can be seen by the audience. All action is unavoidably confined within the office. At the point in the play where Frank invites Rita to his home for dinner the audience are not set up for anything