Electrical Resistance

JMJ MARIST BROTHERS NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY MARIST AVENUE, GENERAL SANTOS CITY MULTITESTER Instrumentation and Control CpE 511 NAME: KURT RUSSEL C. CHUASeptember 01, 2012 CYNTHIA C. GONZAGADate of Submission INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. JAY S. VILLAN, MEP-EE Introduction A multitester or multimeter is a device which can be used to gather data about electrical circuits. A basic multitester can measure resistance, voltage, and continuity; while more advanced versions may be able to provide additional data.This tool can be very useful to have around the house, and anyone who plans on doing electrical repairs should most definitely use a multitester for safety reasons. Multitesters can be used with the current off or on in most cases, although using the device with the current on can sometimes result in damage to the device. Theory Ammeters are employed for measuring current in a circuit and connected in series with the circuit. As ammeter is connected in series, the voltage drop across ammeter terminals should be as low as possible.This requires that the resistance of the ammeter should be as low as possible. The current coil of ammeter has low current carrying capacity whereas the current to be measured may be quite high. For this reason a low resistance is connected in parallel to the current coil. Voltmeters are employed to measure the potential difference across any two points of the circuit these are connected in the parallel to the circuit. The resistance of voltmeter is kept very high by connecting a high resistance in series of the voltmeter with the current coil of the instrument.The actual voltage drop across the current coil of the voltmeter is only a fraction of the total voltage applied across the voltmeter which is to be measured. An ohmmeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the resistance placed between its leads. The resistance reading is indicated through a mechanical meter movement which operates on electric current. The ohmmeter must th en have an internal source of voltage to create the necessary current to operate the movement, and also have appropriate ranging resistors to allow just the right amount of current through the movement at any given resistance.One major problem with this design is its reliance upon a stable battery voltage for accurate resistance reading. If the battery voltage decreases, the ohmmeter scale will lose accuracy. Conclusion Aside from using devices such as  multitester, the resistance value of a  resistor can be determined by its color coding. There are small differences between measured and color coded values of the resistances. These differences may be caused by some factors such as the multitester used in the experiment and some mistakes made by the experimenters.It is much easier to read the resistance value of a resistor through a digital multitester than by using an analog multitester and by color coding. In addition, in using an analog multitester, you have to first consider the range of the resistance and make the zero-ohm adjustment in each and every reading. In that case, that is the only time you  can acquire the resistance value after a  slight inconvenient process. Pictorial Calculation For Ammeter: * 0. 25A R1=99mV0. 25A R1= 0. 96 ? * 25mA R2=99mV25mA-R1 R2= 3. 564 ? * 2. 5mA R3=99mV2. 5mA-R2-R1 R3= 35. 64 ? For DC Voltmeter: * 2. 5V R1=2. 5V49. 5 µA-Rm R1= 48, 505. 05051 ? * 10V R2=10V49. 5 µA-Rm-R1 R2= 151,515. 1515 ? * 50V R3=50V49. 5 µA-Rm-R1-R2 R3= 808,080. 8081 ? For AC Voltmeter: * 10V Im=49. 5 µA0. 637 Im= 77. 70800628 µA R1=1. 41410-1. 477. 70800628 µA-Rm R1=161,947. 0707 ? * 25V R2=1. 41425-1. 477. 70800628 µA-Rm R2= 434,891. 9192 ? * 250V R3=1. 414250-1. 477. 70800628 µA-Rm R3= 4,529,064. 646 ?

The Individual Markings of the Black Swallowtail

The Individual Markings of the Black Swallowtail The black swallowtail, one of North America’s most familiar butterflies, frequently visits backyard gardens. They are a very common sight and youve likely seen the butterfly and caterpillar quite often, especially near your vegetables.   How to Identify Black Swallowtails This large butterfly has black wings with yellow markings and a wingspan of 8 to 11 centimeters. The male displays a row of bold yellow spots, while the female’s spots are faded shades of yellow and blue. The black swallowtail’s colors mimic those of similar species, such as the giant or pipevine swallowtails. To identify the black swallowtail, look for a pair of black dots centered in larger orange circles on the inner edge of the hind wings. The black swallowtail caterpillar changes appearance each time it molts. In the last few stages of growth, it is white and green with black bands and yellow or orange spots. The black swallowtail is also known as the Eastern black swallowtail, the parsley worm, and the parsnip swallowtail. The last two names refer to the insects proclivity to feed on plants in the carrot family. Black swallowtails fall into the Papilionidae family, which includes other swallowtails: Kingdom – AnimalPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – LepidopteraFamily – PapilionidaeGenus – PapilioSpecies – polyxenes What Do Black Swallowtails Eat? The butterflies feed on nectar from flowers. Caterpillars feed on plants in the carrot family, which includes dill, fennel, parsley, and carrots. Life Cycle Like all butterflies, the black swallowtail undergoes a complete metamorphosis. The life cycle has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg - It takes 3-5 days for eggs to hatch.Larva - The caterpillar has five instars  (the stage  between molts).Pupa - The chrysalis stage lasts 9-11 days, or over the winter.Adult - Northern areas have one or two generations; southern areas may have three. Special Adaptations and Defenses The caterpillar has a special gland called an osmeterium that emits a foul odor when it is threatened. The orange osmeterium looks like a forked snake tongue. Caterpillars also ingest oils from the host plants  of the carrot family; the foul taste of the chemical in their bodies repels birds and other predators. The chrysalides of the black swallowtail can be green or brown, depending on the color of the surface to which they are attached. This form of camouflage keeps them hidden from predators. The adult butterfly is thought to mimic the pipevine swallowtail, which is distasteful to predators. Habitat and Range of Black Swallowtails You will find black swallowtails in open fields and meadows, suburban yards, and roadsides. They are most common in  North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Their range extends south all the way to the northern tip of South America and they are also present in Australia.

Feminism Essays (508 words) - Feminism, Philosophy, Gender Studies

Feminism Essays (508 words) - Feminism, Philosophy, Gender Studies Feminism What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. Feminists can be anyone in the population, men, women, girl or boys. Feminism can also be described as a movement. A revolution that includes women and men who wish the world to be equal without boundaries. These boundaries or blockades are better known as discrimination and biases against gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status and economic status. Everyone views the world with his or her own sense of gender and equality. Feminists view the world as being unequal. They wish to see the gender gap and the idea that men are superior to women decreased or even abolished. Carol Gilligan is one woman who has contributed much time and effort to the feminist theory. Her beliefs and ideas are based upon difference feminism. In this essay I will tie the ideas and beliefs of Carol Gilligan with information from our text, the packet read in class and the book, Faces of Feminism. Carol Gilligan is a lecturer and assistant professor at Harvard University as well as a psychologist. She has many theories that deal with moral reasoning and development. In her influential book In a Different Voice, she sets forth the idea that women make decisions according to a criteria of ethics of care and that men make decisions according to an ethic of rights.(3) In her book, Carol Gilligan also disagrees with Lawrence Kohlbergs' theory, which suggests that Few people matured fully in their moral reasoning...but women hardly ever did.(2) In her opposition Gilligan stated that women make moral decisions according to different but equally mature and morally upright reasoning.(2) She feels that women are different because they posses a different hereditary set of values and beliefs. This opposition to Kohlberg's theory was backed by research. Even though there was research done to support Gilligan, it seemed to have experimenter bias. It was not an open or strong experiment and it only observed the actions of the white middle class. This did not give a clear or objective view on the separate criteria of women and men. The views and ideas on moral reasoning and development set forth by Carol Gilligan are those of many difference feminists. Difference feminism is just one type of feminism. It gives a concept that women should go back to traditional roles(3) set by society. It also states that gender is natural and is not learned by the society in which one lives. Not all Feminists agree with this theory but there are many feminists, such as Carol Gilligan who agree with this idea that even though men and women are different, they each have their own separate place in society. Difference feminism is successful because it tells people what they want to hear: women really are different in just the ways that we always thought. ... And men have power, wealth and control of social

Marketing 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing 4 - Essay Example Exporters suffer sometimes by this depreciation. Simply put, it means that the exporters will get lesser returns as compared to what they used to get and this can have an adverse effect on their profitability. This has happened in Colombia also. (Kraul, 2007) Most of the exporters have been affected but none as much as the rose exporters. One reason is that there has been fierce competition from countries such as China, Mexico, Ecuador and the strengthening of the peso has only seriously affected the share of the Colombian rose exporters in the total world trade for this particular commodity. (Ponsi, 2007) There is no doubt that the Colombian peso can be described as being on a â€Å"hot streak† and this is good for national pride and the feel-good factor. (Kraul, 2007) This also greatly helps tourists going to American tourist spots such as Disney World since it means that the Colombians now have more money to spend but for a certain section of the populace like the rose exporters, it has brought serious problems. So serious are these problems that some exporters have been forced to close shop or retrench staff. Many of these staff members are women who had taken loans and who had mortgaged their houses; now with them losing their jobs, they will find it extremely difficult to make both ends meet since a fair amount of their income was going towards repaying their housing loans taken. Rose exporters are now receiving up to forty percent less than what they used to receive about four years ago. Apart from this there has been an increase of the labour and material cost to the tune of another forty percent. As a result of all this, rose exporters’ income has gone down by almost 100 percent as compared to what they used to earn about four years ago. No doubt the U.S.Dollar has declined by about thirty percent against the major world currencies; the decline has been even more against the Third World currencies. This has happened since there has been a big

Effective Team Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effective Team - Assignment Example During the course of project, many problems and conflicts surfaced as the team progressed through its four development stages as described by Tuckman’s model (Beyerlein and Johnson 2000), which were not beyond expectations. However, these were dealt along as the team developed more cohesion and understanding of the common goal but still the opinion is that these problems could have been avoided and effectively managed as highlighted by (Kayes 2004). Throughout the task, group remained engaged in number of activities that played vital role is team development and are discussed throughout the report. This project report is an aim to comprehensively elaborate significance of reflection in learning and evaluates how experiences are transformed into genuine learning (Kolbs 1984). Secondly, this report narrates process of building a group of individuals into a team and difficulties faced during this progression. It also encompasses the significance and critical role of different con cepts and theory elements that influence this process. Problem and Context After the group was formed, I was much skeptical group future as to what form would it take, how we are going to interact and what would be the course of action towards desired goals. A good explanation for this could be that team was in its initial stage of forming as described by Bruce Tuckman in his model of team development (Beyerlein and Johnson 2000) since members were trying to get know each other and develop relationships. McManus (2000) distinguished group from a team in that team has a strong commitment, high degree of cohesiveness and accomplishment to each other and towards common goal than in a group because teamwork promotes creativity, problem solving, effective decision making and improved communication (Chaney and Lyden 2000). During initial sessions, I found that there were member who were not concerned deeply with purpose and goal of the team as they were often found busy in dealing with pe rsonal social issues which they thought were of more importance to them. Even at times, they were not prepared for what meeting were all about and had no agenda to talk about. At early stages, team did not seem much organized and interactive as members were shy and reluctant in sharing experiences and knowledge. I was of the view that these issues would induce many problems during the course of task completion and would make it difficult for team building and cohesion. Although team project went much better but often task-based conflicts arose when one member’s job depended on other member’s input or cooperation which (Bartos and Wehr 2002) stated as interdependence conflict. However, main cause of interdependence conflict was being unable to effectively communicate one’s part to another member which (Shapiro 2004) called communication breakdown conflict. Competitive conflict was exhibited by one of team members who always tried to prove himself better than othe r team member and tried to find his own way through the process if not agreed upon (Rahim 2011). However, overall the project was a huge success and a great effort to understand the team development process in practical scenario and

PROPOSAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PROPOSAL - Essay Example Best for startup restaurants with limited work spaces and manpower, the SmartKitchen is designed to have all the kitchen necessities within the chef’s reach. It boasts of a refrigerator, workstation panel, cooking equipment, sink and cleaning area designed strategically within a 2x3 meter workstation. The product was also designed with small and growing families in mind. It is space friendly, yet designed to provide the best facilities for your cooking and baking requirements. The product shall be marketed by SmartKitchen Ltd., exclusive distributor in the area. Production will be outsourced in cooperation with the sub distributors of kitchen equipment in and out of the state. II. TARGET MARKET The company’s target market is startup restaurants, small to medium scale, which needs the perfect solution to space constraints. These are companies who carefully plan their space, ensuring that each square meter is fully utilized towards maximum profitability. They are open to investing in quality kitchen equipment in exchange for lower operational costs. These companies would rather allocate a bigger portion of their stores to their service areas rather than in backroom space. Secondary target market are individuals, couples or families who are also managing their spaces and would like to enjoy the benefit of having a mobile kitchen which they could use and bring with them should they design to transfer places. III. PRODUCTS AND PRICING The key to an effective pricing strategy is to find the right suppliers who will give the best price for each kitchen equipment that would be integrated in the MobileKitchen designs. Therefore, it is crucial for the purchasing team to establish good business partnerships with various suppliers to come up with excellent pricing schemes per module. The price of one module is comparative to the sum of each of the equipment featured, plus the design to make the items fit into the specific working area. The added value would b e its warranties and loyalty programs specific for design and equipment enhancement. Products will be categorized per space area, and per number of kitchen equipment integrated therein. There will be three major categories: The Basic Kitchen, The Enterprising Module and The All-Inclusive Kitchen which will occupy the biggest space of a 5x5 meter workstation. There will also be a customized MobileKitchen whereby a menu of kitchen equipment shall be presented, and which the clients can mix and match according to their requirements. Additional fees shall be charged for extra designs and features. Installation shall likewise be charged separately. IV. MARKETING PLANS The Marketing Communications would simply state the main message: â€Å"Supremacy in Quality and Style†. Such message shall be displayed in all advertising and merchandising efforts aimed at promoting the brand and the product lines themselves. All marketing channels shall be utilized. The brand shall be launched in TV and radio commercials, and also in merchandising materials, billboards and signages all over the city. Internet Marketing will likewise play a large role in product promotions. Internet Marketing has become popular because Internet access is becoming more widely available and used. Well over one-third of consumers who have Internet access at home report to using the Internet to make purchases (Benefits of an Online Marketing Approach 2011). Since target

Lenten Candles †The Color and the Significance Essay Example for Free

Lenten Candles – The Color and the Significance Essay Lent candles have their own significance in the observance of Lent. The burning candles stands for the arrival of Christ as the illumination of the world. The shades of the candles can differ. Conventionally, three purple candles and one rose-colored or pink candle are used. The purple indicates that Lent is a period of regret as well as hope. Many churches use blue candles instead of purple ones to highlight the positive hope of the period. A candle is lit on the first Sunday of Lent with an additional one lit on every following Sunday. The blissfully colored pink candle is set aside for the third Sunday of Lent, Gaudete Sunday. Gaudete, which actually refers to rejoice in Latin, is the initial word of the Introit for that Sunday: Several Christians append an exact explanation to the four candles. The first candle, or the Prophet Candle, stands for the optimism and expectation of Christs incarnication as forecasted at so many places in the Old Testament. The second candle recalls how Christ was born in modest style, in the trivial village of Bethlehem. Therefore this candle is often referred to as the Bethlehem Candle. The third candle is identified as the Shepherds Candle. It brings to mind the joy of the shepherds when they left after having seen the Christ-child in the stable. The fourth candle is the Angels Candle. It take us back to the blissful crowd that declared the good news of our Saviors birth.